机器学习模型的培训和部署之间的分离意味着，在培训期间，并非所有部署中遇到的场景都可以预期，因此仅依靠培训的进步都有其限制。分布（OOD）检测是一个重要领域，强调模型处理看不见情况的能力：模型知道何时不知道吗？现有的OOD检测方法要么引起额外的训练步骤，其他数据或对训练的网络进行非平凡的修改。相比之下，在这项工作中，我们提出了一种非常简单的事后，即时激活塑形方法，灰分，其中大部分（例如90％）的样本激活在后层中被删除，然后删除休息（例如10％）简化或轻微调整。该塑形在推理时间应用，不需要根据培训数据计算出的任何统计数据。实验表明，这种简单的治疗可以增强分布和分布样本的区别，从而允许在ImageNet上进行最新的OOD检测，并且不会显着恶化分布的准确性。我们与论文一起释放了两个呼吁解释和验证的呼吁，他们相信集体权力进一步验证和理解这一发现。可以在：https：//andrijazz.github.io/ash上找到电话，视频和代码

在课堂学习学习中，预计该模型将在保持以前课程的知识的同时，不断地学习新课程。这里的挑战在于保留该模型在功能空间中有效代表先前类的能力，同时调整其代表传入的新类。我们提出了两个基于蒸馏的目标，用于类增量学习，以利用特征空间的结构来维持以前的课程的准确性，并使学习新课程。在我们的第一个目标（称为跨空间聚类（CSC））中，我们建议使用先前模型的特征空间结构来表征优化的方向，这些方向可以最大程度地保留类 - 特定类的所有实例应集体优化，对，以及他们应该集体优化的人。除了最大程度地减少忘记之外，这种间接的鼓励模型将所有类的实例聚集在当前功能空间中，并引起牛群免疫的感觉，从而使班级的所有样本都可以将模型共同与遗忘班级共同打击模型。我们的第二个目标被称为受控转移（CT）从研究班间转移的研究的逐步学习。 CT明确近似于和条件，当前模型在逐步到达类和先验类之间的语义相似性上。这使模型可以学习类，以使其从相似的先前类中最大化正向转移，从而提高可塑性，并最大程度地减少不同先验类别的负向后转移，从而增强稳定性。我们在两个基准数据集上执行了广泛的实验，并在三种突出的课堂学习方法的顶部添加了我们的方法（CSCCT）。我们观察到各种实验环境的性能一致。

对于现实世界的机器学习系统，分发（O.O.D.）的概括仍然是一个关键挑战。我们描述了O.O.D.的方法通过培训，概括鼓励模型仅保留网络中的功能，这些功能在多个培训领域都充分利用。我们的方法将两个互补的神经元级正则化剂与网络上的概率可区分二进制掩码相结合，以提取一个模块化子网络，从而实现更好的O.O.D.性能比原始网络。两个基准数据集的初步评估证实了我们方法的承诺。

Agile robotics presents a difficult challenge with robots moving at high speeds requiring precise and low-latency sensing and control. Creating agile motion that accomplishes the task at hand while being safe to execute is a key requirement for agile robots to gain human trust. This requires designing new approaches that are flexible and maintain knowledge over world constraints. In this paper, we consider the problem of building a flexible and adaptive controller for a challenging agile mobile manipulation task of hitting ground strokes on a wheelchair tennis robot. We propose and evaluate an extension to work done on learning striking behaviors using a probabilistic movement primitive (ProMP) framework by (1) demonstrating the safe execution of learned primitives on an agile mobile manipulator setup, and (2) proposing an online primitive refinement procedure that utilizes evaluative feedback from humans on the executed trajectories.

Abstractive dialogue summarization has long been viewed as an important standalone task in natural language processing, but no previous work has explored the possibility of whether abstractive dialogue summarization can also be used as a means to boost an NLP system's performance on other important dialogue comprehension tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel type of dialogue summarization task - STRUctured DiaLoguE Summarization - that can help pre-trained language models to better understand dialogues and improve their performance on important dialogue comprehension tasks. We further collect human annotations of STRUDEL summaries over 400 dialogues and introduce a new STRUDEL dialogue comprehension modeling framework that integrates STRUDEL into a graph-neural-network-based dialogue reasoning module over transformer encoder language models to improve their dialogue comprehension abilities. In our empirical experiments on two important downstream dialogue comprehension tasks - dialogue question answering and dialogue response prediction - we show that our STRUDEL dialogue comprehension model can significantly improve the dialogue comprehension performance of transformer encoder language models.

Recent work leverages the expressive power of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate labeled synthetic datasets. These dataset generation methods often require new annotations of synthetic images, which forces practitioners to seek out annotators, curate a set of synthetic images, and ensure the quality of generated labels. We introduce the HandsOff framework, a technique capable of producing an unlimited number of synthetic images and corresponding labels after being trained on less than 50 pre-existing labeled images. Our framework avoids the practical drawbacks of prior work by unifying the field of GAN inversion with dataset generation. We generate datasets with rich pixel-wise labels in multiple challenging domains such as faces, cars, full-body human poses, and urban driving scenes. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in semantic segmentation, keypoint detection, and depth estimation compared to prior dataset generation approaches and transfer learning baselines. We additionally showcase its ability to address broad challenges in model development which stem from fixed, hand-annotated datasets, such as the long-tail problem in semantic segmentation.

Creativity is an indispensable part of human cognition and also an inherent part of how we make sense of the world. Metaphorical abstraction is fundamental in communicating creative ideas through nuanced relationships between abstract concepts such as feelings. While computer vision benchmarks and approaches predominantly focus on understanding and generating literal interpretations of images, metaphorical comprehension of images remains relatively unexplored. Towards this goal, we introduce MetaCLUE, a set of vision tasks on visual metaphor. We also collect high-quality and rich metaphor annotations (abstract objects, concepts, relationships along with their corresponding object boxes) as there do not exist any datasets that facilitate the evaluation of these tasks. We perform a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art models in vision and language based on our annotations, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of current approaches in visual metaphor Classification, Localization, Understanding (retrieval, question answering, captioning) and gEneration (text-to-image synthesis) tasks. We hope this work provides a concrete step towards developing AI systems with human-like creative capabilities.

Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a popular solution for the eXplainable AI (XAI) problem of elucidating the predictions of black-box deep-learning systems due to their psychological validity, flexibility across problem domains and proposed legal compliance. While over 100 counterfactual methods exist, claiming to generate plausible explanations akin to those preferred by people, few have actually been tested on users ($\sim7\%$). So, the psychological validity of these counterfactual algorithms for effective XAI for image data is not established. This issue is addressed here using a novel methodology that (i) gathers ground truth human-generated counterfactual explanations for misclassified images, in two user studies and, then, (ii) compares these human-generated ground-truth explanations to computationally-generated explanations for the same misclassifications. Results indicate that humans do not "minimally edit" images when generating counterfactual explanations. Instead, they make larger, "meaningful" edits that better approximate prototypes in the counterfactual class.

Reinforcement learning can enable robots to navigate to distant goals while optimizing user-specified reward functions, including preferences for following lanes, staying on paved paths, or avoiding freshly mowed grass. However, online learning from trial-and-error for real-world robots is logistically challenging, and methods that instead can utilize existing datasets of robotic navigation data could be significantly more scalable and enable broader generalization. In this paper, we present ReViND, the first offline RL system for robotic navigation that can leverage previously collected data to optimize user-specified reward functions in the real-world. We evaluate our system for off-road navigation without any additional data collection or fine-tuning, and show that it can navigate to distant goals using only offline training from this dataset, and exhibit behaviors that qualitatively differ based on the user-specified reward function.

Foveated imaging provides a better tradeoff between situational awareness (field of view) and resolution and is critical in long-wavelength infrared regimes because of the size, weight, power, and cost of thermal sensors. We demonstrate computational foveated imaging by exploiting the ability of a meta-optical frontend to discriminate between different polarization states and a computational backend to reconstruct the captured image/video. The frontend is a three-element optic: the first element which we call the "foveal" element is a metalens that focuses s-polarized light at a distance of $f_1$ without affecting the p-polarized light; the second element which we call the "perifoveal" element is another metalens that focuses p-polarized light at a distance of $f_2$ without affecting the s-polarized light. The third element is a freely rotating polarizer that dynamically changes the mixing ratios between the two polarization states. Both the foveal element (focal length = 150mm; diameter = 75mm), and the perifoveal element (focal length = 25mm; diameter = 25mm) were fabricated as polarization-sensitive, all-silicon, meta surfaces resulting in a large-aperture, 1:6 foveal expansion, thermal imaging capability. A computational backend then utilizes a deep image prior to separate the resultant multiplexed image or video into a foveated image consisting of a high-resolution center and a lower-resolution large field of view context. We build a first-of-its-kind prototype system and demonstrate 12 frames per second real-time, thermal, foveated image, and video capture in the wild.